Skip to main content

Unfortunately we don't fully support your browser. If you have the option to, please upgrade to a newer version or use Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, or Safari 14 or newer. If you are unable to, and need support, please send us your feedback.

Elsevier
Publish with us
Press release

Whole-grain food consumption impacted by consumer skepticism and lack of labeling standard

Philadelphia | December 5, 2022

New study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior analyzes consumer knowledge and food industry practices related to whole-grain foods

Despite numerous health benefits and recommendations from dietary guidelines, whole-grain food intake remains low globally. A research article opens in new tab/window featured in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior opens in new tab/window, published by Elsevier, studies consumer understanding of whole-grain food definitions and industry labeling practices.

"Without clear regulation and labeling standards, the benefits of educating consumers on how to increase whole-grain intake may be lost," says lead author Katrina R. Kissock, PhD, APD, School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. "This study supports the need for a global whole-grain labeling system based on standardized definitions to help consumers make informed food purchases."

This study recruited consumers with flyers in community locations as well as through social media. The resulting ten focus groups were asked open-ended questions on four topics: grain food choices and whole-grain consumption; identification of whole-grain foods; perception of labeling; and opinions on hypothetical package labels. In addition, 17 food industry representatives, including dietitians, food scientists, marketers, and regulatory personnel, were recruited by direct email to examine awareness and understanding of whole-grain food definitions and regulations; hypothetical adoption of whole-grain food definitions by the food industry; and how definition adoption might impact consumers.

During focus group discussions, skepticism significantly impacted consumer understanding and consequently grain choices. The consumer focus groups expressed skepticism of grain food labeling, whole-grain content claims, symbols such as the Health Star Rating and marketing of products as healthy. Consumer comments included, “I don’t know how much whole grain a product has to have to get a label. Does it mean 5% or 3%?” and “I don’t have any idea what 16 grams of whole grain per serving means.”

Man cutting a loaf of bread

New study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior reports that consumer skepticism and confusion about package labeling impacts whole-grain food consumption (Credit: Lazy_Bear /stock.adobe.com).

When looking at hypothetical labels, consumers had a strong preference towards use of whole grain within the name of the product as opposed to a separate and generic whole-grain content claim not in the name of the product, e.g., ”contains whole grain.” Industry representatives generally did not think consumers noticed that level of nuance in front of package labeling. A simple statement of the percentage of whole grain in a product was considered clear and easy to understand by consumers, and industry representatives agreed that the current percentages used by the Whole Grain Initiative definition were appropriate. Both consumers and food industry representatives identified problems with current labeling of whole-grain foods and highlighted the need for clear, consistent labeling.

“It was evident that limited consumer understanding and confusion related to whole-grain foods contributed to skepticism, perceptions of healthfulness, and buying decisions,” concludes Dr. Kissock. “Definitions, regulations and consumer education are strategies that could improve consumption of whole-grain foods.”

---

Notes for editors

The article is "Knowledge, Messaging, and Selection of Whole-Grain Foods: Consumer and Food Industry Perspectives," by Katrina R. Kissock, PhD, APD; Elizabeth P. Neale, PhD, AdvAPD; and Eleanor J. Beck, PhD, FDA (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.006 opens in new tab/window). It will appear in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, volume 54, issue 12 (December 2022), published by Elsevier. The article is openly available at https://www.jneb.org/article/S1499-4046(22)00486-9/fulltext opens in new tab/window.

Full text of the article is also available to credentialed journalists upon request; contact Eileen Leahy at +1 732 238 3628 or [email protected] opens in new tab/window to obtain a copy. To schedule an interview with the authors, please contact Dr. Kissock at [email protected] opens in new tab/window.

An audio podcast featuring an interview with Dr. Kissock and other information for journalists are available at www.jneb.org/content/media opens in new tab/window. Excerpts from the podcast may be reproduced by the media with permission from Eileen Leahy.

About the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior (JNEB)

Advancing Research, Practice and Policy

The Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior opens in new tab/window (JNEB), the official journal of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior (SNEB), is a refereed, scientific periodical that serves as a resource for all professionals with interest in nutrition education and dietary/physical activity behaviors. The purpose of JNEB is to document and disseminate original research, emerging issues, and practices relevant to nutrition education and behavior worldwide and to promote healthy, sustainable food choices. It supports the Society's efforts to disseminate innovative nutrition education strategies, and communicate information on food, nutrition, and health issues to students, professionals, policymakers, targeted audiences, and the public.

The Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior features articles that provide new insights and useful findings related to nutrition education research, practice, and policy. The content areas of JNEB reflect the diverse interests of health, nutrition, education, Cooperative Extension, and other professionals working in areas related to nutrition education and behavior. As the Society's official journal, JNEB also includes policy statements, issue perspectives, and member communications.

About Elsevier

As a global leader in scientific information and analytics, Elsevier helps researchers and healthcare professionals advance science and improve health outcomes for the benefit of society. We do this by facilitating insights and critical decision-making with innovative solutions based on trusted, evidence-based content and advanced AI-enabled digital technologies.

We have supported the work of our research and healthcare communities for more than 140 years. Our 9,500 employees around the world, including 2,500 technologists, are dedicated to supporting researchers, librarians, academic leaders, funders, governments, R&D-intensive companies, doctors, nurses, future healthcare professionals and educators in their critical work. Our 2,900 scientific journals and iconic reference books include the foremost titles in their fields, including Cell Press, The Lancet and Gray’s Anatomy.

Together with the Elsevier Foundation opens in new tab/window, we work in partnership with the communities we serve to advance inclusion and diversity in science, research and healthcare in developing countries and around the world.

Elsevier is part of RELX opens in new tab/window, a global provider of information-based analytics and decision tools for professional and business customers. For more information on our work, digital solutions and content, visit www.elsevier.com.

Contact

EL

Eileen Leahy

Elsevier

+1 732 406 1313

E-mail Eileen Leahy